Ground nut/Pea nut
$35.00 Original price was: $35.00.$28.00Current price is: $28.00. price_excluding_tax
Morphology
Botanically cultivated groundnut can be classified into two subspecies which mainly differ in their branching pattern: subspecies hypogaea with alternate branching and subspecies fastigiata with sequential branching. Each subspecies is again divided into two botanical varieties; subsp. hypogaea into var. hypogaea (virginia) and var. hirsuta; and subsp. fastigiata into var. fastigiata (valencia), var. vulgaris (spanish), var. peruviana, and var. aequatoriana. In trade, the bold-seeded types are referred to as Virginia, the small seeded as Spanish, and a third type Runner is also recognized. The flowers are born in the axils of the leaves mostly near the base of plant and have generally yellow petals. It is a self pollinated crop. After fertilization stalk of ovary elongates and forms peg which contains fertilized ovules at the tip. The growth of peg is positively geotropic until it penetrates soil to some depth (7 cm). The tip then becomes diageotropic and ovary starts developing into a fruit called pod which contains seeds. Generally it takes about 60 days from fertilization to full pod maturity.
Sufficient variability exists in groundnut for various morphological and economic traits: seed size, (17-124 g 100-seeds-1), seed color (white, light rose, rose, red, purple, white blotched with purple red), number of seeds pod-1 (1-5), and pod length (11-83 mm) and pod breadth (9-27 mm).
Adaptation
The ideal growing conditions for groundnut are well-drained, light colored, loose friable, sandy loam soil, availability of optimum moisture in pod zone, and an optimum mean daily temperature of about 30 0C. It can be grown either as a sole crop or in combination with other crops in inter or mixed cropping. Early leaf spot, late leaf spot, rust, and Sclerotium rolfsi among fungal diseases; bud necrosis virus, tomato spotted wilt virus, peanut stripe virus, and rosette among virus diseases; and jassids, thrips, termites, leaf miner, Spodoptera, and white grub among insect pests, and aflatoxin contamination are important biotic factors. Among abiotic stresses drought, low pH, and low temperatures are important. These occur in various combinations in Asia, Africa, and Americas.
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Description
The peanut, also known as the groundnut, goober, or monkey nut (UK), and taxonomically classified as Arachis hypogaea, is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics like Nigeria, being important to both small and large commercial producers.
Groundnut, an important cash crop, is an annual legume. Its seeds are a rich source of edible oil (43-55%) and protein (25-28%). About two thirds of world production is crushed for oil and the remaining one third is consumed as food. Its cake is used as feed or for making other food products and haulms provide quality fodder.
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